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Attachment Manifestations in Daily Interpersonal Interactions.

Aleksandra Kaurin1, Paul A Pilkonis2, Aidan G C Wright3

  • 1Faculty of Health/School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 44, 58455 Witten, Germany.

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Attachment security fluctuates daily, influenced by perceptions of warmth. These shifts impact interpersonal behavior, with secure attachment enhancing warmth expression and avoidant attachment diminishing it.

Keywords:
Ambulatory assessmentAttachmentInterpersonal theoryMultilevel structural equation modellingWorking models

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Attachment Theory

Background:

  • Attachment research traditionally focuses on stable individual differences.
  • Less attention has been given to attachment as a dynamic, responsive system within social interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the momentary activation of attachment orientations in daily life.
  • To examine how these fluctuations relate to interpersonal behavior and working models of attachment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an event-contingent, ambulatory 7-day assessment protocol with 263 participants.
  • Analyzed 3,971 interactions using Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory to link working models with interpersonal complementarity.

Main Results:

  • Situational activation of working models varied with perceived warmth, influencing state security and attachment expectations.
  • Perceptions of warmth predicted interpersonal complementarity, with secure attachment enhancing warmth and avoidant attachment diminishing it.
  • These findings held even when controlling for affect and relationship closeness.

Conclusions:

  • Attachment expectations are dynamic, fluctuating across social interactions.
  • Perceived warmth from others is a key factor in activating secure attachment and reducing insecure expectations.
  • Understanding these dynamic processes is crucial for comprehending interpersonal functioning.