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Currently available molecular analyses for personalized tumor therapy (Review)
Sundaresan Sivapatham1, Lavanya Selvaraj1
1Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
Abstract:
Targeted therapies are becoming more common and genetic tumor profiling is becoming more precise and affordable. The aim of the present review was to demonstrate the importance of molecular analyses in tumors, summarize the current situation, provide an outlook on how to improve diagnosis to facilitate individualized therapy, including the use of specific methodologies for tumor marker analysis to improve patient treatment. Most predicted metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers have not progressed from the laboratory to clinical trials, as most of the trials were stopped at the initial stage of biomarker identification. The use of liquid biopsies as a clinical tool improves cancer screening, diagnosis and prognosis; furthermore, is able to improve the classification of more diverse disease entities, assess therapy response and identify treatment-resistant clones, allowing for more stringent patient monitoring. Based on specific clinical populations and the unique molecular features of a cancer, the identification of a suitable targeted therapy may be accomplished. The present review provides insight into cancer genomic testing in the clinical setting and the available methods, supporting the prioritization of molecular therapeutic tumor targeting.
Insights
Molecular tumor profiling and targeted therapies are advancing. Liquid biopsies enhance cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring, enabling personalized treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genomics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- The increasing precision and affordability of genetic tumor profiling are driving the adoption of targeted therapies.
- Metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers often fail to progress from research to clinical application.
- Liquid biopsies offer a promising avenue for improving cancer care across multiple stages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical role of molecular analyses in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
- To review the current landscape of tumor profiling and individualized therapy.
- To explore the potential of novel methodologies, including liquid biopsies, for enhanced patient management.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on molecular tumor analysis and targeted therapies.
- Analysis of the clinical utility and advancements in liquid biopsy technologies.
- Discussion of methodologies for tumor marker analysis and genomic testing.
Main Results:
- Genetic tumor profiling is becoming more precise and accessible, supporting targeted treatment selection.
- Liquid biopsies demonstrate significant potential in cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response assessment.
- Challenges remain in translating laboratory biomarkers to clinical trials, emphasizing the need for robust validation.
Conclusions:
- Molecular analyses are essential for guiding individualized cancer therapy.
- Liquid biopsies represent a significant advancement in personalized oncology and patient monitoring.
- Further development and validation of molecular testing are crucial for optimizing targeted tumor treatment.
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