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Updated: Aug 21, 2025

Immunofluorescence to Monitor the Cellular Uptake of Human Lactoferrin and its Associated Antiviral Activity Against the Hepatitis C Virus
Published on: October 1, 2015
A comprehensive review on lactoferrin: a natural multifunctional glycoprotein
V S Shini1,2, Chinthu Tharayil Udayarajan1, P Nisha1,2
1CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India. pnisha@niist.res.in.
Abstract:
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a natural iron-binding globular glycoprotein, present mainly in milk. It maintains human health through its multifunctional activities, including immunomodulation, iron metabolism, and antioxidant and prebiotic efficacy. It also shows anti-microbial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities against a broad spectrum of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. In addition, several investigations established that Lf is involved in bone metabolism, neural development, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies on the health benefits of Lf and its bioavailability. Furthermore, we briefly describe the production, industrial applications and future prospects of Lf.
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