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Updated: Aug 21, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce1, Nicola Lindson1, Ailsa R Butler1

  • 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) with nicotine significantly increase smoking cessation rates compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and non-nicotine ECs. While generally safe, more research is needed to confirm long-term effects and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are vaping devices used by some smokers to quit or reduce tobacco use.
  • Debate exists regarding ECs' efficacy and safety for smoking cessation.
  • Healthcare providers and regulators seek evidence on ECs' role in quitting smoking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of electronic cigarettes (ECs) for achieving long-term smoking abstinence.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other study designs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and randomized cross-over trials.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO up to July 2022.
  • Primary outcomes: smoking abstinence (≥6 months), adverse events (AEs), and serious adverse events (SAEs).

Main Results:

  • High-certainty evidence shows nicotine ECs increase quit rates compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (RR 1.63).
  • Moderate-certainty evidence indicates nicotine ECs increase quit rates compared to non-nicotine ECs (RR 1.94).
  • Adverse events (AEs) rates were similar between nicotine ECs and NRT/non-nicotine ECs; serious adverse events (SAEs) were rare.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine ECs are effective in increasing smoking cessation rates compared to NRT and non-nicotine ECs.
  • Evidence suggests nicotine ECs are generally well-tolerated with no detected serious harm, though long-term data is limited.
  • Further RCTs are needed to confirm effect sizes and refine understanding of safety profiles.