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Human equality arguments against abortion.

Calum Miller1

  • 1St Benet's Hall, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK c.miller@oxon.org.

Journal of Medical Ethics
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A modest egalitarian view, valuing equality among non-disabled adults, logically extends to recognizing fetal personhood. This is because being human is the most consistent basis for equality, an attribute fetuses possess.

Area of Science:

  • Moral Philosophy
  • Bioethics
  • Fetal Rights

Background:

  • The concept of egalitarianism, particularly equality among non-disabled adult humans, is a cornerstone of many ethical frameworks.
  • Discussions on human value often center on biological attributes or gradated properties, leading to complex debates about moral status.
  • The moral status of fetuses remains a contentious issue, with differing views on when personhood or equivalent moral consideration begins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the philosophical implications of a modest egalitarian principle for the moral status of fetuses.
  • To argue that a consistent application of egalitarianism among non-disabled adults necessitates granting personhood to fetuses.
  • To identify the most philosophically sound basis for human equality and its extension to prenatal human life.
Keywords:
Abortion - InducedDisabled PersonsEmbryos and FetusesMoral StatusPersons

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Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation and conceptual analysis.
  • Examination of different potential bases for human value (e.g., being human, gradated properties).
  • Logical deduction from the premise of egalitarianism between non-disabled adult humans.

Main Results:

  • A commitment to equality between non-disabled adult humans logically implies fetal personhood.
  • Gradated properties as a basis for human value lead to inequalities among non-disabled adults, undermining the initial premise.
  • The most coherent basis for human equality is the shared attribute of being human, which fetuses possess.

Conclusions:

  • The philosophical basis for equality among non-disabled adults supports the moral status of fetuses.
  • Recognizing fetuses as persons is a consistent extension of modest egalitarian principles.
  • The attribute of 'being human' provides a robust and inclusive foundation for moral equality.