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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Craniosynostosis: A Pediatric Neurologist's Perspective.

N M Shruthi1, Sheffali Gulati2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, First Neuro Brain and Spine Superspeciality Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of skull sutures, can cause abnormal head shape and brain growth restriction. Early identification and treatment by pediatric neurologists are crucial for better outcomes in affected children.

Keywords:
Approachcraniosynostosisnonsyndromicpediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Craniosynostosis involves the premature fusion of cranial sutures, leading to abnormal skull shape and restricted brain growth.
  • This condition can affect single or multiple sutures and is often secondary to underlying brain abnormalities.
  • Syndromic craniosynostosis is a recognized subtype, potentially leading to serious complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of pediatric neurologists in managing craniosynostosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.
  • To underscore the impact of timely treatment on neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on craniosynostosis and its management.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies and their impact on patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Craniosynostosis necessitates prompt medical attention due to potential complications.
  • Early detection and intervention significantly improve clinical and neurodevelopmental trajectories.
  • Pediatric neurologists are key in coordinating care and ensuring optimal results.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and management of craniosynostosis are essential.
  • The involvement of pediatric neurologists is vital for mitigating complications and improving outcomes.
  • Effective treatment strategies can prevent long-term neurological deficits and developmental issues.