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Related Concept Videos

Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
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Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

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Liver-on-a-chip: Considerations, advances, and beyond.

Zhenxu Yang, Xiaochen Liu, Elise M Cribbin1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.

Biomicrofluidics
|November 17, 2022
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Liver-on-a-chip (LOC) devices offer a biomimetic microfluidic model, overcoming limitations of 2D cell cultures for drug development. These advanced systems improve pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Organ-on-a-chip Technology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • The liver's complex functions, including metabolism and detoxification, are difficult to model using traditional 2D cell cultures.
  • Limitations in 2D cell cultures lead to poor outcomes in drug development and clinical trials.
  • Hepatocytes, crucial for drug metabolism studies, require more physiologically relevant models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of liver-on-a-chip (LOC) devices.
  • To highlight advancements in LOC design and fabrication strategies.
  • To discuss the biomimetic approaches and applications of LOCs in drug development and toxicology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on microfluidic-based liver-on-a-chip systems.
  • Analysis of biomimetic design principles for simulating liver architecture and function.
  • Exploration of fabrication techniques for advanced LOC devices.

Main Results:

  • Liver-on-a-chip devices successfully mimic native liver structure and function.
  • LOCs provide a cost-effective and accurate platform for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicity studies.
  • Recent progress in microfluidics enables highly automated and biomimetic LOC development.

Conclusions:

  • Liver-on-a-chip technology represents a significant advancement over traditional cell culture methods.
  • LOCs enhance the accuracy and efficiency of drug screening, toxicity assessment, and biosensing.
  • Continued innovation in LOC design and fabrication is crucial for addressing current challenges in liver modeling.