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Related Concept Videos

The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

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The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
12:10

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

Published on: September 16, 2009

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In sync with the heart.

Aleksandra M Herman1

  • 1Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland

Elife
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals actively change how they sense their environment, like using touch, to adapt to internal bodily changes affecting their senses. This sensory adjustment highlights the brain

Keywords:
active inferenceactive sensingcardiac cyclehumaninteroceptionneurosciencetactile discriminationtouch

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Bodily Self-Awareness

Background:

  • The brain continuously integrates sensory input with internal bodily states.
  • Understanding how interoception influences exteroception is crucial for sensory processing research.

Discussion:

  • This study explores the dynamic interplay between bodily signals and sensory information acquisition.
  • Investigates how physiological changes modulate tactile cue processing and perception.

Key Insights:

  • Demonstrates that individuals proactively modify sensory strategies based on internal physiological states.
  • Highlights the adaptive nature of sensory systems in response to altered bodily conditions.

Outlook:

  • Future research could explore specific physiological signals and their impact on diverse sensory modalities.
  • Potential applications in understanding sensory processing disorders and developing targeted interventions.