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Related Concept Videos

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

4.1K
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

6.2K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
6.2K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

2.7K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
2.7K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

2.9K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
2.9K
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

10.4K
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
10.4K
Basicity of Aromatic Amines01:18

Basicity of Aromatic Amines

7.3K
The basicity of aromatic amines is much weaker than that of aliphatic amines due to the involvement of the lone pair of electrons over the N atom in resonance with the aryl rings. Generally, the electron-donating ability of any substituents on the aryl ring of aromatic amines increases the basicity of the amine by increasing electron density, and hence the availability of lone pair on the nitrogen. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing functional groups on the aryl ring of amines decrease the...
7.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
06:18

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

8.5K

Adding functions to pyridines.

Jung Min Joo1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Chemical reactions were developed to break pyridine rings, enabling their modification. This research opens new pathways for pyridine derivative synthesis and functionalization.

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Pyridine rings are essential heterocyclic compounds in pharmaceuticals and materials science.
  • Modifying pyridine rings is crucial for developing novel compounds with desired properties.
  • Existing methods for pyridine ring modification can be limited in scope or efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel chemical reactions for pyridine ring cleavage.
  • To enable efficient and selective modification of pyridine derivatives.
  • To expand the synthetic toolbox for accessing functionalized pyridines.

Main Methods:

  • Investigation of novel catalytic systems for pyridine ring opening.
  • Exploration of reaction conditions to control selectivity and yield.
  • Characterization of reaction products using spectroscopic techniques.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate
06:18

Syntheses, Crystallization, and Spectroscopic Characterization of 3,5-Lutidine N-Oxide Dehydrate

Published on: April 24, 2018

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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
14:11

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

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Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

6.8K

Main Results:

  • Successful development of chemical reactions that effectively break the pyridine ring.
  • Demonstration of pyridine ring modification following cleavage.
  • Identification of key reaction parameters influencing the outcome.

Conclusions:

  • The developed chemical reactions provide a new strategy for pyridine modification.
  • This approach facilitates the synthesis of diverse pyridine-containing molecules.
  • The findings have implications for drug discovery and materials science.