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Executive functions in primary progressive aphasia: A meta-analysis.

Silke Coemans¹, Stefanie Keulen¹, Perseverence Savieri²

¹Brussels Centre for Language Studies (BCLS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior

|November 17, 2022

Summary

Executive functions (EFs) are impaired in Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). A meta-analysis confirmed significant deficits in shifting, inhibition, and working memory updating in PPA patients compared to controls.

Keywords:

Dementia Executive functions Meta-analysis Neurolinguistics Neuropsychology Primary progressive aphasia

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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Neurology

Background:

Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting language.
Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for cognitive control, but their status in PPA is debated.
Previous studies on EFs in PPA yielded conflicting results.

Approach:

A multi-level meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing research on EFs in PPA.
141 studies comprising 294 EFs tasks were analyzed.
The analysis focused on a composite EFs score and individual components: shifting, inhibition, and updating.

Key Points:

A large overall effect size (d = -1.28) indicates significantly poorer EFs in PPA compared to healthy controls.
All EFs components (shifting, inhibition, updating) were similarly affected.
PPA variant and disease duration significantly moderated EFs performance, with semantic variant showing less impairment.

Conclusions:

This meta-analysis confirms widespread executive function deficits in PPA.
Impairments affect all core EFs components similarly across PPA variants, with nuances for semantic PPA.
Findings have implications for clinical assessment and future research directions in PPA.