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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Retinal Explant of the Adult Mouse Retina as an Ex Vivo Model for Studying Retinal Neurovascular Diseases
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[Exogenously induced retinopathies].

Ulrich Kellner, Simone Kellner, Silke Weinitz

    Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
    |November 17, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Exogenous retinopathies result from substances, medications, or light exposure, potentially causing irreversible retinal damage. Early identification and avoidance of causative agents are crucial for preserving vision.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Toxicology
    • Retinal Diseases

    Context:

    • Retinal damage can arise from external factors, including substance consumption, medications, and light exposure.
    • Causes range from acute reactions to chronic, cumulative effects from repeated exposure.
    • Understanding these exogenous causes is vital for diagnosing and managing vision impairment.

    Purpose:

    • To review and categorize the various exogenous agents that can induce retinopathy.
    • To differentiate between transient and irreversible retinal damage caused by external factors.
    • To highlight the most frequent and less common causes of exogenously induced retinal damage.

    Summary:

    • Exogenous retinopathies stem from consumed substances (nicotine, alcohol, methanol), systemic drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol, checkpoint inhibitors), intravitreal medications, and improper light/irradiation exposure.

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  • While some effects are temporary, others lead to permanent vision loss.
  • External stimulants are common culprits, whereas drug side effects and vaccination complications are less frequent.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of external factors contributing to retinal damage.
    • Aids clinicians in identifying potential causes of retinopathy beyond endogenous factors.
    • Emphasizes the importance of patient history regarding substance use and medication exposure for accurate diagnosis and treatment.