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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Intracardiac Electrogram Targets for Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation.

Sachin Nayyar1

  • 1Townsville University Hospital, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying ventricular tachycardia (VT) targets in sinus rhythm is crucial for ablation. High-density electrograms and substrate mapping help pinpoint critical areas within myocardial scars.

Keywords:
AblationChannelElectrogramFibrosisLate potentialPacingSlow conductionVentricular tachycardia

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Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT) often stems from reentry mechanisms in scarred myocardial tissue post-infarction.
  • Identifying VT ablation targets during sinus rhythm presents a significant clinical challenge, especially when VT morphology is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss contemporary intracardiac electrogram targets for VT ablation.
  • To explain the fundamental physiology behind these electrogram targets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing high-density electrogram recordings for substrate evaluation.
  • Assessing electrogram voltage and activation delay.
  • Employing substrate perturbation techniques like alternate site pacing and extra-stimulus testing.

Main Results:

  • High-density mapping provides essential data for identifying ablation targets in sinus rhythm.
  • Specific electrogram characteristics correlate with arrhythmogenic substrate.
  • Substrate perturbation aids in uncovering critical areas for ablation.

Conclusions:

  • Intracardiac electrogram targets are vital for successful VT ablation in patients with myocardial scarring.
  • Understanding the underlying physiology of these targets optimizes ablation strategies.
  • Advanced mapping techniques are key to managing complex VT cases.