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The Neural Signature of Impaired Inhibitory Control in Individuals with Heroin Use Disorder.

Ahmet O Ceceli1, Sarah G King2, Natalie McClain1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with heroin addiction show impaired target detection and reduced prefrontal cortex activity during inhibitory control tasks. These neurobiological deficits correlate with heroin use severity, suggesting potential targets for addiction recovery interventions.

Keywords:
cognitive controlopiateprefrontal cortexresponse inhibitionstop-signal tasksubstance use disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Heroin addiction significantly impacts society, yet its neurobiological underpinnings are not fully understood.
  • Common addiction mechanisms include excessive drug cue salience and decreased inhibitory control.
  • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypoactivations are typical in addiction, but specific patterns in heroin addiction are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inhibitory control and associated neurobiology in individuals with heroin addiction (iHUDs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To compare inhibitory control performance and brain activity between iHUDs and healthy controls (HCs).
  • To explore the relationship between neurobiological findings, task performance, and heroin use severity.

Main Methods:

  • A stop-signal fMRI task was administered to 41 iHUDs and 24 HCs.
  • Inhibitory control was assessed using behavioral measures like stop-signal response time (SSRT) and target detection sensitivity.
  • fMRI data analyzed activity in cognitive control regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex, during inhibitory control.

Main Results:

  • iHUDs showed impaired target detection sensitivity compared to HCs, despite similar SSRT.
  • iHUDs exhibited reduced activity in the right anterior PFC (aPFC) and dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) during successful inhibition.
  • Lower activity in left dlPFC/SMA correlated with slower SSRT in iHUDs; lower left aPFC activity linked to worse target sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with heroin addiction demonstrate deficits in perceptual sensitivity and reduced engagement of cognitive control regions during inhibitory tasks.
  • These neurobehavioral deficits, including PFC hypoactivations, are associated with task performance and heroin use severity.
  • Findings highlight potential targets for intervention, such as enhancing PFC-mediated cognitive control, to support recovery from heroin addiction.