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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Self-assessment scale for the community-based and emergency practice.

Takao Wakabayashi^1,2, Yoshihisa Tsuji³, Takeshi Yamamoto^4,5

¹Department of General and Emergency Medicine, Japan Community Health-care Organization Sapporo Hokushin Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.

BMC Medical Education

|November 18, 2022

Summary

A new scale assesses medical student competence in community-based primary care for the elderly. The C-CEP Scale is valid and reliable, measuring attitude, skills, and knowledge in this essential area.

Keywords:

Clinical clerkship Community-based Emergency practice Primary-care Self-assessment

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Primary Care Research
Geriatric Medicine

Background:

Community-based primary care for the elderly is crucial in medical education.
This study aimed to develop a reliable assessment tool for this domain.
The Community-Based Assessment for Clinical and Emergency Practice (C-CEP) scale was conceptualized.

Approach:

Literature review of international educational goals and MEDLINE search.
Development of 23 initial items based on attitude, skills, and knowledge.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on data from 195 fifth-year medical students.

Key Points:

The final C-CEP Scale comprises 15 items across four factors: "Attitude and communication in emergency care," "Basic clinical skills," "Knowledge of community healthcare," and "Knowledge of evidence-based medicine perseverance."
The scale demonstrated acceptable model fit indices and high reliability (McDonald's omega > 0.7).
Test-retest reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.58), and factors positively correlated with medical professionalism.

Conclusions:

A valid and reliable self-assessment scale for community-based clinical and emergency practice was successfully developed.
The C-CEP Scale can effectively evaluate student competence in geriatric primary care.
This tool supports the essential training in community-based care for the elderly.