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Maternal pre-pregnancy anemia and childhood anemia in Indonesia: a risk assessment using a population-based

Fadila Wirawan1, Dieta Nurrika2

  • 1Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.

Epidemiology and Health
|November 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Maternal anemia before pregnancy significantly increases the risk of anemia in children under five. Focusing on pre-conception maternal health is crucial for preventing childhood anemia and improving child health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Childhood anemia under five is a significant public health concern with long-term detrimental effects.
  • Preventing childhood anemia requires a focus on maternal health during the pre-pregnancy phase.
  • Early identification and intervention for maternal anemia are critical for child health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy anemia and the risk of anemia in children under five years of age.
  • To assess the independent risk factors for childhood anemia related to maternal pre-pregnancy health status.
  • To inform public health strategies for anemia prevention through maternal health initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilizing data from the 2007 and 2014 Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS).
  • Inclusion of non-pregnant women and their children under five, with anemia status determined by hemoglobin levels.
  • Statistical analysis using Mantel-Haenszel adjusted relative risks (aRRs) with risk stratification.

Main Results:

  • Mothers with pre-pregnancy anemia had a 1.71-fold higher risk of having an anemic child compared to those without anemia.
  • Maternal pre-pregnancy anemia remained an independent risk factor for childhood anemia in specific subgroups.
  • Increased risk observed in children who were breastfed, received water before six months, or had mothers with normal/underweight BMI or no current anemia.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-pregnancy anemia is a significant predictor of anemia in young children.
  • Public health interventions should prioritize pre-conception maternal health to reduce maternal and child morbidity.
  • Strengthening maternal health programs before conception is essential for preventing childhood anemia.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnemiaChildIron deficiencyMaternal healthPreconception carePregnancy

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