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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Using Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Development.

Anna Bigas1,2, Luis Galán Palma1,2, Gayathri M Kartha1,2

  • 1Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.

Stem Cells Translational Medicine
|November 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a promising model for studying blood development and leukemia. While generating true hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro remains challenging, PSCs can model prenatal leukemia development.

Keywords:
adult hematopoietic stem cellsembryoembryonic stem cells (ESCs)hematologic malignanciespluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines have been available for decades, driving research into regenerative medicine applications.
  • The hematopoietic field initially aimed for clinical applications using ESCs, but generating functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) proved difficult.
  • Understanding HSC origins in embryonic development is advancing, with knowledge slowly translating to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro.

Approach:

  • Reviewing the current state of using PSCs to model hematopoietic development.
  • Examining the recapitulation of leukemic transformation processes in ESC-derived hematopoietic cells.
  • Assessing the utility of PSCs for studying prenatal leukemia and predisposing syndromes.

Key Points:

  • Generating bonafide hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro remains a significant hurdle.
  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can model aspects of hematopoietic development and leukemic transformation.
  • ESC-derived cells exposed to oncogenic drivers can mimic prenatal leukemia development.

Conclusions:

  • PSCs provide a valuable in vitro model system for hematopoiesis and leukemia research.
  • Further research using PSCs could elucidate mechanisms of prenatal leukemia and associated syndromes.
  • Knowledge from embryonic development is crucial for advancing PSC-based hematopoietic applications.