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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
54.8K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

648
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
648

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
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Development of visual cortex in human neonates is selectively modified by postnatal experience.

Mingyang Li1, Tingting Liu1, Xinyi Xu1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Elife
|November 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Early postnatal experience shapes infant visual cortex development. Postnatal time influences cortical thickness and functional connections, while myelination and higher visual areas develop independently.

Keywords:
cortical structureexperience-dependent plasticityfunctional connectivityhumanneonatal developmentneurosciencevisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Infant Studies

Background:

  • Experience-dependent cortical plasticity is crucial for cognitive development.
  • Early visual experience impacts animal visual cortex development, but human infant effects are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of early visual experience on human infant ventral visual cortex development.
  • To characterize structural and functional maps and their changes during the neonatal period.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multimodal MRI data from the Developing Human Connectome Project.
  • Analyzed structural (cortical thickness, myelination) and functional (connectivity) maps in the ventral visual cortex.
  • Performed structure-function analysis, including comparisons in preterm infants.

Main Results:

  • Postnatal time selectively modulated ventral visual cortex thickness and primary visual cortex functional circuits.
  • Cortical myelination and high-order visual cortex connectivity were not significantly influenced by postnatal time in early infancy.
  • Postnatal time directly affected V1 homotopic connections, while gestational time had an indirect effect via myelination.

Conclusions:

  • Early postnatal time plays a selective role in shaping the structural and functional development of the human newborn visual cortex.
  • Findings were validated in preterm infants, highlighting the interplay between gestational and postnatal periods.
  • The visual cortex develops in organized patterns influenced by early life experiences.