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Related Concept Videos

Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

2.2K
Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
308
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

6.1K
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
6.1K
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

6.2K
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such...
6.2K
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

1.3K
When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's...
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Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery
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Electrophoretic Molecular Communication With Piecewise Constant Electric Field.

Junseob Kim, Sunghwan Cho, Justin P Coon

    IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience
    |November 18, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new electrophoretic molecular communication (EMC) method using a simple piecewise constant electric field. This practical approach significantly lowers the bit error rate compared to basic constant fields.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Communication Systems

    Background:

    • Molecular communication (MC) enables nanoscale device interaction.
    • Electrophoretic MC (EMC) uses electric fields for particle transport.
    • Previous EMC methods with complex fields face implementation challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel EMC framework using a piecewise constant electric field.
    • To develop practical and implementable EMC solutions.
    • To optimize electric field parameters for improved communication performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulated two optimization problems for electric field design.
    • Utilized Lagrange multipliers and geometric programming for solutions.
    • Employed Monte Carlo simulations for performance evaluation.

    Main Results:

    • The piecewise constant electric field significantly reduces bit error rate (BER) versus a constant field.
    • Performance is comparable, though slightly lower than, the exponential field benchmark.
    • Optimal on-off timings and field strengths were determined.

    Conclusions:

    • Piecewise constant electric fields offer a practical and effective EMC approach.
    • This method provides a viable alternative to complex, hard-to-implement field designs.
    • Further research can refine this technique for advanced molecular communication systems.