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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

3.7K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
3.7K

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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Efficient Neural Differentiation using Single-Cell Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Single-cell transcriptomics reveals correct developmental dynamics and high-quality midbrain cell types by improved

Kaneyasu Nishimura1, Shanzheng Yang1, Ka Wai Lee1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

Stem Cell Reports
|November 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified key factors to guide human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. This advance is crucial for modeling neurological diseases like Parkinson

Keywords:
Parkinson's diseasedevelopmentdopaminergic neuronembryonic stem cellfunctionhumanmidbrainsingle-cell RNA sequencing

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
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Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
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Differentiation and Characterization of Neural Progenitors and Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
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Differentiation and Characterization of Neural Progenitors and Neurons from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Stem cell technologies offer promise for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
  • Understanding developmental processes is critical for generating specific cell types from stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify developmental factors that promote the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons.
  • To establish high-quality, molecularly defined hESC-derived cell types for potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized specific signaling pathway modulations, including laminin-511, WNT activation, GSK3β inhibition, FGF8b, liver X receptor activation, and fibroblast growth factor signaling inhibition.
  • Employed single-cell RNA-sequencing to analyze developmental dynamics and cell type emergence.
  • Compared hESC differentiation with endogenous human ventral midbrain development.

Main Results:

  • Identified laminin-511 and specific WNT/GSK3β/FGF8b combinations as crucial for midbrain patterning.
  • Demonstrated enhanced neurogenesis and differentiation through liver X receptor activation and FGF signaling inhibition.
  • Single-cell RNA-sequencing confirmed developmental trajectories mirroring endogenous midbrain development and the generation of molecularly defined mDA neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Novel factors influencing human midbrain development were identified.
  • The study provides a foundation for generating high-quality, molecularly defined hESC-derived cell types.
  • These findings pave the way for using hESC-derived cells in Parkinson disease research and treatment.