The associations between exercise and lipid biomarkers

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Exercise Physiology
• Metabolic Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading global cause of death, exacerbated by sedentary lifestyles.
• Dyslipidemia (DLD), hypertension, and diabetes are key CVD risk factors.
• Dyslipidemia promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation, and lipoproteins (Lp) can destabilize plaques, leading to CVD events.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of exercise training on CVD risk factors.
• To evaluate the combined benefits of aerobic ET (aET) and resistance ET (rET) on dyslipidemia and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MusS).
• To highlight the role of exercise in managing lipoproteins and PCSK-9 expression.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on exercise training modalities and their effects on CVD risk factors.
• Analysis of studies examining aerobic ET (aET) and resistance ET (rET) independently and in combination.
• Assessment of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength (MusS), lipoprotein levels, and PCSK-9 expression.

Main Results:

• Both aET and rET independently improve CRF and MusS, respectively.
• Combined aET and rET demonstrate more significant improvements in cholesterol levels and reduced CVD-related mortality compared to either modality alone.
• Physical activity, particularly when associated with weight loss, reduces adiposity and mitigates inflammatory processes linked to atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

• Promoting both aET and rET is crucial for managing dyslipidemia and reducing cardiovascular disease risks.
• Combined exercise approaches offer superior benefits for cholesterol management and mortality reduction.
• Weight loss in conjunction with exercise further attenuates atherosclerosis-related inflammation and risk.