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The physical assessment examines the patient for objective data that defines the patient's condition, and aids in formulating the nursing care plan. The purpose of physical assessment is a health status appraisal, which includes identifying health problems, and establishing a database for nursing intervention.
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
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Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Zoom Objective Structured Clinical Exams: Virtually the Same as the Real Thing?

Purnahamsi V Desai1, Heather B Howell1, Meaghan McGrath2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics (PV Desai, HB Howell, S Zabar, J Lebowitz, B Trogen, C Cha, KA Pierce, and S Zabar), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.

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Summary

Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Exams (VOSCE) are a viable alternative to in-person sessions for assessing resident communication skills. Standardized patient assessments showed comparable results across both formats, suggesting VOSCEs can effectively evaluate foundational skills.

Keywords:
family centered communicationobjective structured clinical examparentpediatric residentsvirtual

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Clinical Skills Assessment
  • Communication Skills Training

Background:

  • Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCE) are crucial for training and evaluating resident communication skills.
  • In 2020, OSCE encounters were adapted to a virtual format (VOSCE) due to external circumstances.
  • The study addresses the need to compare assessment effectiveness between traditional OSCE and VOSCE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the assessment of foundational family-centered communication skills using standardized patients (SP) and family faculty (FF).
  • To evaluate these skills across both live OSCE and virtual OSCE (VOSCE) formats.

Main Methods:

  • Interns from 2019 (live OSCE) and 2020 (VOSCE) participated.
  • Encounters involved disclosing an error to an SP, observed by FF and a facilitator.
  • Both SPs and FFs used a behavioral checklist to assess skill mastery post-encounter.

Main Results:

  • Total mastery scores were significantly higher for SP assessments (68%) compared to FF assessments (46% in OSCE, 53% in VOSCE).
  • SP assessment scores did not significantly differ between live OSCE and VOSCE formats.
  • FF assessment scores also showed no significant difference based on the evaluation format (live vs. virtual).

Conclusions:

  • Virtual OSCEs (VOSCEs) are a practical and effective alternative to in-person OSCEs.
  • Comparable assessment results across modalities suggest VOSCEs maintain evaluation integrity.
  • The accessibility of virtual sessions may enhance collaboration with key stakeholders in medical training.