Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.1K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.1K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

976
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
976
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

2.7K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.7K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.7K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.7K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.1K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.1K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

53.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
53.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resolving the dilution paradox to improve the interpretation of extracellular vesicle biomarker studies.

Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis·2026
Same author

Validation of tRNA-derived fragments as diagnostic biomarkers in suspected acute stroke; limitations in analysis and quantification methods.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2025
Same author

Epitranscriptomics in atherosclerosis: Unraveling RNA modifications, editing and splicing and their implications in vascular disease.

Vascular pharmacology·2025
Same author

Site-specific m6A-miR-494-3p, not unmethylated miR-494-3p, compromises blood brain barrier by targeting tight junction protein 1 in intracranial atherosclerosis.

British journal of pharmacology·2024
Same author

Circular RNA regulatory role in pathological cardiac remodelling.

British journal of pharmacology·2024
Same author

Non-coding RNAs versus protein biomarkers to diagnose and differentiate acute stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
18:30

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 13, 2013

22.0K

The epitranscriptome: RNA modifications in vascular remodelling.

A Yaël Nossent1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, D6-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Atherosclerosis
|November 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The epitranscriptome, or RNA modifications, dynamically regulates cellular functions. This review explores common RNA modifications in vascular remodelling, impacting cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
2'Oribose methylationA-to-I editingAngiogenesisAtherosclerosisEpitranscriptomeRNA modificationsVascular remodellingm1Am5Cm6Am7G

More Related Videos

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

6.8K
Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
18:30

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 13, 2013

22.0K
Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

6.8K
Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • RNA transcripts undergo posttranscriptional modifications, collectively termed the epitranscriptome.
  • The epitranscriptome is dynamically regulated, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) being the most studied modification.
  • RNA modifications are influenced by stressors relevant to cardiovascular disease and vascular remodelling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on common RNA modifications in various forms of vascular remodelling.
  • To discuss the role of RNA modifications in both adaptive and maladaptive vascular processes.
  • To highlight the emerging importance of the epitranscriptome in cardiovascular research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on RNA modifications and epitranscriptome in vascular remodelling.
  • Analysis of research on m6A 'writers', 'erasers', and 'readers' in cardiovascular disease.
  • Discussion of adaptive (e.g., angiogenesis) and maladaptive (e.g., atherosclerosis) vascular remodelling contexts.

Main Results:

  • The number of studies on RNA modifications in vascular remodelling has significantly increased.
  • Specific RNA modifications are implicated in adaptive processes like postischemic angiogenesis.
  • Maladaptive vascular remodelling, including atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation, is also linked to epitranscriptomic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Epitranscriptome research in cardiovascular disease is rapidly advancing.
  • Understanding RNA modifications is crucial for comprehending vascular remodelling.
  • Further development of methods to detect and manipulate RNA modifications is needed for clinical applications.