The force of the myosin motor sets cooperativity in thin filament activation of skeletal muscles

Contraction of striated muscle is regulated by a dual mechanism involving both thin, actin-containing filament and thick, myosin-containing filament. Thin filament is activated by Ca²⁺ binding to troponin, leading to tropomyosin displacement that exposes actin sites for interaction with myosin motors, extending from the neighbouring stress-activated thick filaments. Motor attachment to actin contributes to spreading activation along the thin filament, through a cooperative mechanism, still unclear, that determines the slope of the sigmoidal relation between isometric force and pCa (-log[Ca²⁺]), estimated by Hill coefficient n_H. We use sarcomere-level mechanics in demembranated fibres of rabbit skeletal muscle activated by Ca²⁺ at different temperatures (12-35 °C) to show that n_H depends on the motor force at constant number of attached motors. The definition of the role of motor force provides fundamental constraints for modelling the dynamics of thin filament activation and defining the action of small molecules as possible therapeutic tools.