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Prevalence and mortality among children with anorectal malformation: A multi-country analysis

Vijaya Kancherla1, Manasvi Sundar1, Lucita Tandaki2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Birth Defects Research
|November 19, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Anorectal malformation (ARM) is rare, affecting 3.26 per 10,000 births. While prevalence of complex ARM cases decreased, early mortality remains a concern, particularly for syndromic and multiple birth defect cases.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Anorectal malformation (ARM) is a congenital condition with significant health implications.
  • Understanding ARM prevalence and mortality is crucial for public health planning and clinical service provision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the total prevalence, prevalence trends, and age-specific mortality of individuals with anorectal malformation (ARM).
  • To provide descriptive epidemiological data on ARM, including geographic variations, to inform clinical services and future research.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 24 international birth defects surveillance programs (1974-2014).
  • Prevalence was estimated per 10,000 total births, and time trends were assessed using Poisson regression (2001-2012).
  • Age-specific mortality proportions were calculated, stratified by case status (isolated, multiple, syndromic).

Main Results:

  • The pooled total prevalence of ARM was 3.26 per 10,000 births (1974-2014).
  • Approximately 60% of ARM cases were multiple or syndromic.
  • Prevalence of multiple, syndromic, and stillborn ARM cases decreased from 2001 to 2012.
  • First-week mortality proportions were 12.5% (all cases), 3.2% (isolated), 28.3% (multiple), and 18.2% (syndromic).

Conclusions:

  • Anorectal malformation is a rare condition, with decreasing prevalence observed in multiple and syndromic cases.
  • Early mortality, especially within the first week of life, is a significant concern for multiple and syndromic ARM cases.
  • These epidemiological findings enhance understanding of ARM's geographic variation and can guide the planning of clinical services.
Abstract

Keywords:
anorectal atresiabirth defectepidemiologymortalityprevalence

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