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Planning on Autopilot? Associative Contributions to Proactive Control.

Illeana Prieto1, Dominic M D Tran1, Evan J Livesey1

  • 1The University of Sydney, Australia.

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Proactive cognitive control can operate automatically through learned environmental associations, reducing reliance on working memory. This suggests that planning may not always require active maintenance of goals.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Proactive cognitive control is traditionally linked to active maintenance in working memory.
  • The AX-CPT task is a common measure, but may involve associative learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if associative learning influences proactive control in the AX-CPT.
  • To examine the relationship between associative interference, working memory capacity, and load.

Main Methods:

  • A modified AX-CPT task with rule changes to induce associative interference.
  • Experiments 1-3 measured interference, working memory capacity (operation span), and working memory load.

Main Results:

  • Learned environmental contingencies caused interference even after rule changes.
  • This associative interference was independent of working memory capacity and load.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive control can be automated via learned associations, reducing working memory demands.
  • Environmental regularities may allow proactive control to function "on autopilot".