Organelle-targeted therapies: a comprehensive review on system design for enabling precision oncology

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nanomedicine
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Precision therapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy that improves survival rates by targeting tumor growth.
• Organelle-targeted strategies enable precise accumulation of therapeutic agents within specific organelles, minimizing side effects.
• Conventional cancer treatments often have limitations, including significant side effects and reduced efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the history and recent advancements in organelle-targeted cancer therapies.
• To focus on the design of organelle-targeted nanomedicines based on intervention mechanisms.
• To present future research opportunities and challenges in precision oncology.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of literature on organelle-targeted therapies.
• Discussion of organelle structures and mediated cell death pathways.
• Analysis of design guidelines for organelle-targeted nanomedicines.

Main Results:

• Organelle-targeted therapies can precisely accumulate therapeutic agents, triggering localized cell death signals.
• Targeting specific organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum shows potential.
• Nanomedicine design guidelines are crucial for effective organelle targeting.

Conclusions:

• Organelle-targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in precision oncology.
• Further research and multidisciplinary collaboration are needed for clinical translation of these nanomedicines.
• This field holds promise for developing more effective and safer cancer treatments.