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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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tRNA Activation

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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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A Rapid High-throughput Method for Mapping Ribonucleoproteins RNPs on Human pre-mRNA
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MTR4 adaptor PICT1 functions in two distinct steps during pre-rRNA processing.

Sotaro Miyao1, Kanako Saito1, Renta Oshima1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|November 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The protein PICT1 aids ribosome biogenesis by recruiting RNA processing machinery. PICT1 depletion stabilizes the tumor suppressor p53 protein, suggesting a role in nucleolar stress response.

Keywords:
MTR4Nucleolar stressPICT1Pre-rRNA processingRNA exosomeRibosome biogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosome biogenesis involves cleaving a large precursor rRNA (47S).
  • The RNA exosome and MTR4 helicase are crucial for rRNA processing.
  • Adaptor proteins with an arch-interacting motif (AIM) recruit processing machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the function of PICT1, a mammalian NOP53 ortholog, in human ribosome biogenesis.
  • Determine PICT1's role in pre-rRNA processing and its interaction with MTR4 and the exosome.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PICT1 mutants and siRNA to study its function.
  • Investigated PICT1 interactions with MTR4 and exosome components.
  • Assessed the impact of PICT1 depletion on p53 protein levels in cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • PICT1 interacts with MTR4 and exosome in an AIM-dependent manner.
  • PICT1 is essential for two pre-rRNA processing steps in 60S ribosome generation.
  • AIM-dependent recruitment of MTR4 and exosome is specific to the late 5.8S rRNA maturation step.
  • Depletion of PICT1 or MTR4, but not exosome catalytic subunits, stabilizes p53.

Conclusions:

  • PICT1 acts as an adaptor protein in ribosome biogenesis.
  • The recruitment of RNA processing machinery to pre-5.8S rRNA may induce nucleolar stress response.
  • Pre-rRNA processing per se is not required for nucleolar stress induction by PICT1/MTR4 depletion.