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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.6K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.6K
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.7K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

42
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
42
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.4K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.4K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

30
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
30
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

413
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
413

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
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Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

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Metabolic substrates, histone modifications, and heart failure.

Zihang Huang1, Shuai Song1, Xiaokai Zhang1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms
|November 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac metabolism disorders promote heart failure by affecting histone modifications. Supplementing metabolic substrates may restore these epigenetic changes and treat heart failure.

Keywords:
EpigeneticsHeart failureHistone acetylationHistone methylationMetabolic substrates

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Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Epigenetics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiac metabolism disorders exacerbate ATP deficiency, promoting pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
  • Metabolic substrates act as dual regulators, influencing both metabolism and gene expression via histone modifications.

Approach:

  • This review examines cardiac histone acetylation (acetyl-CoA-dependent) and demethylation (NAD+-dependent SIRT, FAD+-dependent LSD, α-KG-dependent JMJD).
  • It briefly addresses pathological and physiological cardiac energy metabolism.
  • An "iceberg model" explains the dual role of metabolic substrates.

Key Points:

  • Histone modifications are crucial in regulating gene expression without altering DNA.
  • Metabolic substrates serve as substrates or enzyme modifiers for histone-modifying enzymes.
  • Disordered cardiac metabolism impacts mitochondrial ATP generation and cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic supplementation of metabolic substrates shows promise in mitigating heart failure by re-establishing histone modifications.
  • Understanding the interplay between metabolism and epigenetics offers novel therapeutic strategies for heart conditions.