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Intravenous Hemostats: Foundation, Targeting, and Controlled-Release
Zihao Chen1, Lei Han1, Guo Meng1
1Department of Special Operations Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
Bioconjugate Chemistry
|November 21, 2022
Summary
Intravenous hemostats offer a promising solution for controlling severe bleeding, addressing a major cause of mortality. This review explores their mechanisms, advancements in cellular and synthetic agents, and future potential for targeted drug delivery.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pharmacology
- Hematology
Background:
- Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality in prehospital and hospital settings.
- Intravenous hemostats are crucial for managing severe internal and external bleeding.
- Understanding hemostatic mechanisms is vital for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental response mechanisms of intravenous hemostats.
- To explore advancements in targeted intravenous hemostatic agents, including cellular and synthetic approaches.
- To discuss the potential of stimuli-responsive, controlled-release intravenous hemostats for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways.
- Analysis of cellular and synthetic intravenous hemostatic agent development.
- Investigation of controlled-release strategies for intravenous hemostats.
Main Results:
- Established the response basis of intravenous hemostats, involving coagulation, fibrinolysis, and protein corona.
- Detailed advancements in targeted cellular and synthetic hemostatic agents.
- Highlighted progress in platelet- and microenvironment-triggered controlled-release hemostats.
Conclusions:
- Intravenous hemostats represent a critical therapeutic strategy for severe bleeding.
- Targeted delivery and controlled release enhance the efficacy of hemostatic agents.
- Future research should focus on microenvironment-responsive systems for precise hemostasis.
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