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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
154
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

137
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
137
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

259
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Esophageal lichen planus: Current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives.

Annegrit Decker1, Franziska Schauer2, Adhara Lazaro3

  • 1Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg 79106, Germany.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
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Esophageal lichen planus (ELP) is an underdiagnosed inflammatory condition often presenting with dysphagia. Topical steroids offer improvement, but further research is needed for better management and to prevent complications like esophageal cancer.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting skin and mucous membranes.
  • Esophageal involvement in lichen planus (ELP) is underdiagnosed and clinically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on ELP.
  • To support clinical management through insights into prevalence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of studies on ELP.
  • Data extraction and summarization from published patient cohorts and an in-house cohort.
  • Literature search conducted using PubMed/Medline.

Main Results:

  • ELP primarily affects middle-aged women, with dysphagia as the main symptom.
  • Endoscopic findings include mucosal lesions and hyperkeratosis; histology reveals inflammatory infiltrates and epithelial changes.
  • Topical steroids improve symptoms and histology in about two-thirds of patients; immunosuppressors may be needed for severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • ELP is an underdiagnosed cause of dysphagia and esophagitis.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent esophageal stenosis and squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Further research is essential to understand ELP pathogenesis and optimize treatment strategies.