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Effect of landscape design on depth perception in classical Chinese gardens: A quantitative analysis using virtual
Haipeng Zhu1, Zongchao Gu2, Ryuzo Ohno3
1Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
Frontiers in Psychology
|November 21, 2022
Summary
Classical Chinese gardens create an illusion of expansive space through visual manipulation. This study found that ambient visual information significantly impacts perceived depth, varying with the observer's viewpoint.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Psychology
- Perception Science
- Architectural Studies
Background:
- Classical Chinese gardens are renowned for creating expansive spatial experiences within limited areas.
- Previous research often used static, fragmented perspectives, neglecting dynamic visual cues and ambient information.
- Understanding spatial perception is key to appreciating garden design principles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate variations in perceived depth within classical Chinese gardens across different observation points.
- To identify specific visual information that influences depth perception in these environments.
- To bridge the gap between qualitative descriptions and quantitative analysis of spatial experience.
Main Methods:
- Psychophysical experimentation using panoramic photographs of Liu garden from three distinct viewpoints.
- Stimuli creation involved 18 variations (six image treatments x three positions) to analyze pictorial visual cues.
- Two tasks were employed: magnitude estimation in a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) and depth adjustment using multi-monitor 3D displays.
Main Results:
- Both tasks demonstrated significant differences in perceived depth based on the observation viewpoint.
- Ambient visual information, particularly the perspective of interior space, was identified as a key factor influencing depth perception.
- Perceived depth varied significantly across different viewpoints and image treatments.
Conclusions:
- The perceived scale and depth in classical Chinese gardens are highly dependent on the observer's position and the ambient visual information available.
- Garden designers strategically manipulate visual cues to enhance the spatial experience, creating an illusion of greater depth.
- Future research should explore dynamic observation points and a wider range of visual cues to further elucidate spatial perception in designed landscapes.
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