Deprivation in England, 1971-2020
C D Lloyd1, P D Norman2, D McLennan3
1Geography, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy
|November 21, 2022
Summary
Understanding deprivation trends is crucial for effective resource allocation. This study analyzes long-term deprivation trajectories and their link to unemployment, highlighting the need to consider area history for spatial inequality strategies.
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomic Geography
- Public Health Policy
- Spatial Analysis
Background:
- Small area deprivation measures are vital for UK resource targeting.
- The English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is the official measure, allocating significant government funds.
- Assessing deprivation reduction schemes requires measuring changes over time and considering historical deprivation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To combine the strengths of the IMD and Townsend score for a comprehensive analysis of small area deprivation.
- To identify long-term trends in deprivation and unemployment from 1971 to 2020.
- To explore the association between deprivation history, job losses post-COVID-19, and spatial inequalities.
Main Methods:
- Integrated administrative data (IMD 2004-2019) with Census-derived Townsend scores (1971-2011).
- Utilized benefit claimant count data as a proxy for unemployment following COVID-19 lockdowns.
- Analyzed deprivation trends and their correlation with unemployment changes over a long time period.
Main Results:
- Identified major trends in small area deprivation and unemployment from 1971 to 2020.
- Highlighted similarities and differences between the Townsend score and IMD.
- Demonstrated a strong association between long-term deprivation histories and job losses after COVID-19 lockdowns.
Conclusions:
- Deprivation trajectories, not just current status, are critical for understanding impacts.
- Considering historical deprivation is essential for developing effective strategies to reduce spatial inequalities.
- Area deprivation history significantly influences vulnerability to economic shocks like COVID-19 related unemployment.
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