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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention
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Drug-Eluting Stents.

Chetan Velagapudi1, Sreekumar Madassery1

  • 1Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Seminars in Interventional Radiology
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Drug-eluting stents (DESs) show promise for peripheral arterial disease, improving outcomes in the femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal arteries. These stents inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, reducing revascularization rates.

Keywords:
arterialdrug-eluting stentsinterventional radiologystentsvenous

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) treatment has evolved, with endovascular revascularization as a primary approach.
  • Drug-eluting stents (DESs) aim to improve outcomes by mitigating elastic recoil and neointimal hyperplasia, issues seen with balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents.
  • Peripheral arteries present unique mechanical challenges and compositional differences compared to coronary arteries, impacting DES efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DESs) in peripheral arterial disease treatment.
  • To assess the role of DESs in overcoming limitations of traditional revascularization methods in the peripheral vasculature.
  • To analyze the impact of pharmaceutical agents within DESs on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials investigating DES use in femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal territories.
  • Analysis of DES mechanisms, including paclitaxel and sirolimus derivatives, for inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activity.
  • Comparison of outcomes between DESs and other revascularization strategies in PAD.

Main Results:

  • DESs demonstrated a decrease in revascularization rates in PAD patients.
  • Clinical outcomes were improved with the use of DESs in the femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal arteries.
  • The pharmaceutical agents within DESs effectively target VSMC proliferation and migration.

Conclusions:

  • Drug-eluting stents represent an advancement in endovascular treatment for peripheral arterial disease.
  • DESs offer improved clinical outcomes and reduced need for repeat procedures in PAD.
  • Further research into DES technology tailored for peripheral vascular environments is warranted.