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Automatic social distance estimation for photographic studies: Performance evaluation, test benchmark, and algorithm.

Mert Seker¹, Anssi Männistö², Alexandros Iosifidis³

¹Unit of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.

Machine Learning with Applications

|November 21, 2022

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new dataset and benchmark for analyzing social distancing in photos, crucial for understanding human behavior changes post-COVID-19. The developed method accurately estimates social distances in everyday image collections.

Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Human-Computer Interaction
Social Sciences

Background:

Social distancing measures impact non-verbal communication and human behavior, necessitating proxemics studies.
Analyzing large photo collections for social distance is challenging due to varied imaging setups and lack of suitable benchmarks.
Existing safety-focused methods are not applicable for subtle social distance analysis in general image datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a benchmark dataset with measured social distances for algorithm development.
To propose a standardized performance evaluation protocol for social distance estimation algorithms.
To develop an automatic social distance estimation method for general photo collections.

Main Methods:

A hybrid approach combining deep learning (object detection, pose estimation) and projective geometry.

Keywords:

Human pose estimation Performance evaluation Person detection Proxemics Social distance estimation Test benchmark

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Utilizes uncalibrated single images with known focal length and sensor size.

Dataset includes measured pair-wise social distances under diverse camera conditions.

Main Results:

Achieved a 91% human detection rate on the benchmark.
Reported an average relative distance estimation error of 38.24% among detected individuals.
Demonstrated encouraging performance on the proposed benchmark.

Conclusions:

The developed dataset and benchmark facilitate research in proxemics and social behavior analysis.
The proposed automatic estimation method shows promise for analyzing social distances in real-world image collections.
This work addresses the need for robust algorithms and evaluation protocols in social distance studies.