Relative infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in human alveolar cells

With the continuous emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, the comparison of their infectivity has become a critical issue for public health. However, a direct assessment of the viral characteristic has been challenging because of the lack of appropriate experimental models and efficient methods. Here, we integrated human alveolar organoids and single-cell transcriptome sequencing to facilitate the evaluation. In a proof-of-concept study with four highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, including GR (B.1.1.119), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (BA.1), a rapid evaluation of the relative infectivity was possible. Our system demonstrates that the Omicron variant is 5- to 7-fold more infectious to human alveolar cells than the other SARS-CoV-2 variants at the initial stage of infection. To our knowledge, for the first time, this study measures the relative infectivity of the Omicron variant under multiple virus co-infection and provides new experimental procedures that can be applied to monitor emerging viral variants.