Strongyloidiasis: what every gastroenterologist needs to know.

Area of Science:

• Medical Parasitology
• Gastroenterology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the intestinal roundworm *Strongyloides stercoralis*.
• The infection can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
• Its complex lifecycle includes autoinfection, allowing for chronic persistence and delayed presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the key aspects of strongyloidiasis relevant to gastroenterologists.
• To emphasize the diagnostic challenges posed by its vague gastrointestinal symptoms.
• To underscore the importance of awareness due to its global prevalence and potential for severe outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical presentations of strongyloidiasis.
• Discussion of the parasite's lifecycle and host interactions.
• Emphasis on differential diagnosis in gastroenterology.

Main Results:

• Strongyloidiasis can mimic other gastrointestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.
• Immunocompromised patients are at high risk for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated disease.
• Delayed diagnosis is common, even years after exposure in endemic areas or travel.

Conclusions:

• Gastroenterologists must consider strongyloidiasis in patients with unexplained GI symptoms, especially those with a history of travel to endemic areas or immunosuppression.
• Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent severe morbidity and mortality.
• Increased clinical awareness is essential for managing this potentially fatal parasitic infection.