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Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review
Surekha Tayade1, Shikha Toshniwal1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pregnancy is underdiagnosed, increasing risks for mothers and babies. Early diagnosis and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment are crucial for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Sleep Medicine
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant sleep-related breathing disorder.
- Pregnancy is associated with increased OSA prevalence, particularly with advancing gestation.
- Underdiagnosis of OSA in pregnancy can lead to severe maternal and fetal complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy.
- To discuss current treatment modalities for OSA in pregnant individuals.
- To explore the prognosis of OSA in the context of pregnancy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on OSA in pregnancy.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and screening methods.
- Evaluation of treatment efficacy and outcomes.
Main Results:
- OSA prevalence in pregnancy varies but generally increases with gestational age.
- Risk factors include higher BMI, advanced maternal age, and chronic hypertension.
- Polysomnography is the diagnostic standard but faces accessibility challenges.
Conclusions:
- Early identification and management of OSA in pregnancy are essential.
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the recommended treatment.
- Effective interventions can significantly improve maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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