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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Tomotherapy for cranio-spinal irradiation.

Andrada Turcas^1,2,3,4, Sarah M Kelly^1,2, Enrico Clementel²

¹The European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOPE), Brussels, Belgium.

Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology

|November 21, 2022

Summary

Tomotherapy provides excellent cranio-spinal axis irradiation (CSI) coverage, homogeneity, and conformity. While treatment time is longer, clinical outcomes and toxicities indicate Tomotherapy is an efficient and safe option for CSI.

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Area of Science:

Radiation Oncology
Medical Physics
Clinical Oncology

Background:

Tomotherapy is a rotational Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique.
Craniospinal axis irradiation (CSI) presents complex treatment challenges.
Systematic reviews are crucial for evaluating advanced radiotherapy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review clinical outcomes and toxicities of Tomotherapy for CSI.
To compare Tomotherapy with other radiotherapy delivery techniques for CSI.
To assess the efficacy and safety of Tomotherapy in CSI.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane.
Inclusion of 56 papers focusing on Tomotherapy for CSI in adult, paediatric, and mixed populations.
Analysis of clinical outcomes, toxicities, target coverage, homogeneity, conformity, organ-at-risk sparing, and Beam-On-Time (BOT).

Main Results:

Tomotherapy demonstrated comparable disease-specific clinical outcomes and toxicities to other techniques.
Tomotherapy offered superior target coverage, homogeneity, and conformity in numerous reports.
Improved organ-at-risk sparing was noted for several critical structures, though Beam-On-Time was longer.

Conclusions:

Tomotherapy provides effective CSI with enhanced target coverage, homogeneity, and conformity.
Despite longer treatment durations, Tomotherapy is an efficient and safe modality for CSI.
Clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles support the use of Tomotherapy for CSI.