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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Introduction to Developmental Psychology01:27

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Developmental psychology explores the changes and continuities in human abilities throughout life, encompassing physical, cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions. Human development is not restricted to growth, but includes aspects of decline, particularly in physical abilities as individuals age. Developmental psychologists seek to understand how people change as they age and how their mental and social skills evolve.Developmental MilestonesA key concept in developmental psychology is...
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Three Developmental Domains01:29

Three Developmental Domains

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Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of Knowledge
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Capturing the complexity of autism: Applying a developmental cascades framework.

Jessica Bradshaw1, Amy J Schwichtenberg2, Jana M Iverson3

  • 1University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.

Child Development Perspectives
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Developmental cascades explain how interconnected systems influence human development. This framework illuminates autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathways, linking diverse behaviors and neurodevelopmental processes.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderdevelopmental cascadesneurodevelopment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human development involves complex interactions between neural activity, behavior, and experience.
  • A developmental cascades framework models sequential, multilevel, and cross-domain developmental changes.
  • This framework is valuable for understanding typical and atypical development, particularly neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for specific developmental cascades in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To demonstrate how the developmental cascades framework can elucidate interconnected neurodevelopmental pathways in ASD.
  • To propose the framework's utility in advancing research on ASD etiology and change mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on developmental cascades and autism spectrum disorder.
  • Analysis of how interconnected systems contribute to ASD heterogeneity.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking early developmental factors to later outcomes in ASD.

Main Results:

  • Developmental cascades offer a model for understanding the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Specific cascades link motor, cognitive, sensory, and bioregulatory domains in ASD.
  • Seemingly unrelated ASD behaviors can be part of a unified neurodevelopmental pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The developmental cascades framework provides a powerful lens for studying autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Applying this framework can clarify the complex etiology and developmental trajectories of ASD.
  • Further research using this model can accelerate understanding of ASD mechanisms and inform interventions.