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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
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The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
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Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid01:18

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The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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pH-Dependent Hydrogenotrophic Denitratation Based on Self-Alkalization.

Ling-Dong Shi1, Tian-Yu Gao1, Xiao-Wen Wei1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Stable nitrite production for anammox is challenging. This study developed a hydrogenotrophic denitratation system achieving >90% nitrate to nitrite conversion at high pH (10.80), overcoming previous limitations.

Keywords:
denitratationhydrogen oxidationproton shortageself-alkalization

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Biogeochemical cycles

Background:

  • Stable nitrite production is crucial for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes.
  • Current methods for nitrite generation face significant challenges in stability and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and operate a novel hydrogenotrophic denitratation system for stable nitrite production.
  • To investigate the role of pH in the nitrate-to-nitrite transformation process.
  • To elucidate the microbial community and genetic mechanisms involved in high-pH denitratation.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and operation of a hydrogenotrophic denitratation system.
  • Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses to identify microbial community and gene expression.
  • Manipulation of pH levels to assess their impact on denitratation efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The system achieved >90% nitrate to nitrite conversion at pH up to 10.80.
  • High pH (9.00-10.00) was essential for efficient denitratation, with lower pH (<20% conversion).
  • Microbial analysis revealed a community dominated by six microorganisms, including *Thauera*, with key denitrification genes. High pH suppressed periplasmic reductase transcription but maintained membrane-bound nitrate reductase and proton homeostasis genes.

Conclusions:

  • High pH is critical for efficient biological nitrite production via denitratation.
  • Proton availability outside cells, not electron competition, limits biological nitrite reduction.
  • This study presents a stable and efficient strategy for nitrite production, advancing the understanding of denitratation.