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Microswimmers in vortices: dynamics and trapping.

Ivan Tanasijević1, Eric Lauga1

  • 1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK. e.lauga@damtp.cam.ac.uk.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological microswimmers are expelled from vortical flows into depletion zones. This study models microswimmer dynamics in vortices, predicting depletion zone radii that match experimental observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Biological and artificial microswimmers are observed in vortical flows like ocean eddies and microfluidic devices.
  • Previous experiments show bacteria are expelled from vortices to form depletion zones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically model the dynamics of elongated microswimmers in elementary vortices (2D and 3D rotlets).
  • To investigate the effect of deterministic and stochastic forces on microswimmer trajectories.
  • To predict the radius of the depletion zone formed by microswimmers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a deterministic model for microswimmer motion in rotlet vortices.
  • Discovered a conserved quantity to map phase space and orbit types.
  • Introduced translational and rotational noise.
  • Employed Fokker-Planck formalism to quantify trapping and escape probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Deterministic model shows bounded orbits near vortex centers and unbounded orbits elsewhere.
  • A conserved quantity was identified, enabling phase space mapping.
  • Noise effects were quantified, revealing trapping near the vortex center.
  • The model successfully predicts the depletion zone radius, aligning with experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • The theoretical model accurately describes microswimmer behavior in vortical flows.
  • The findings provide a framework for understanding microswimmer expulsion and depletion zone formation.
  • The study offers a predictive tool for microswimmer dynamics in complex fluid environments.