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Related Concept Videos

Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

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Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free...
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Redox Titration: Iodimetry and Iodometry01:23

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Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...
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Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

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In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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Redox-Based Colorimetric Sensor for the Selective Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets.

Samah F El-Malla1, Fotouh R Mansour1, Rehab H Elattar1

  • 1Tanta University, Medical Campus of Tanta University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, El-Geish Street, Tanta 31111, Egypt.

Journal of AOAC International
|November 21, 2022
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Summary

A new spectrophotometric method accurately determines ascorbic acid (vitamin C) using ferric salicylate. This simple, cost-effective technique is ideal for routine pharmaceutical analysis and is more sensitive than existing methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectrophotometry
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a weak chromophore, limiting direct spectrophotometric determination.
  • Existing methods for vitamin C analysis may lack sensitivity or simplicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a simple, eco-friendly analytical method for determining ascorbic acid concentration.
  • To utilize the reaction between ascorbic acid and ferric salicylate for quantitative analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the inverse relationship between ferric salicylate absorbance and ascorbic acid concentration.
  • Determined the reaction mechanism, identifying ferric salicylate reduction by ascorbic acid.
  • Optimized reaction parameters including ferric salicylate concentration (1000 µM) and pH (5.5).
  • Validated the method according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Established a linearity range of 5-70 µg/mL with a high correlation coefficient (0.9994).
  • Achieved low limits of detection (0.38 µg/mL) and quantitation (1.16 µg/mL).
  • Successfully applied the method to determine ascorbic acid in commercial tablets with high recovery (101.10 ± 0.70%).
  • Demonstrated good agreement with a reported High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method.

Conclusions:

  • The developed spectrophotometric method is simple, fast, cost-effective, and suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis of ascorbic acid.
  • This method offers superior sensitivity compared to other reported spectrophotometric techniques for ascorbic acid determination.