Hospital Characteristics and Other Factors Associated with the Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage in the United States

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. It occurs when blood loss exceeds 1000mL regardless of the delivery route. Careful assessment of various causes and risk factors of PPH is essential to reduce and prevent further complications, avoid maternal morbidity and mortality, and better manage PPH. This study aimed to examine the associations of hospital characteristics and regions of hospital locations across the United States with PPH risk, as the outcomes of such an assessment may contribute to practice-relevant scientific evidence to improve policies and protocols regarding effective PPH management. This retrospective study used the 2018 National Inpatient Sample database from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) to examine the associations of PPH risk with characteristics and regions of hospital lections. After controlling for clinical risk factors, the results showed that hospitals owned by private investors had significant associations with decreased risk of PPH. Conversely, large bed size, urban teaching status, and West and Midwest location were associated with an increased risk of PPH. Additional research is needed to determine whether these variations across regions and hospital characteristics are due to differences in obstetric practice and management.