Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

521
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
521
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

244
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
244
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

3.1K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
3.1K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

2.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
2.5K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

739
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
739
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

231
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
231

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis by Disease Severity in a Non-Inferiority Trial of Donepezil 27.5 mg Transdermal Formulation in Japanese Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer Disease.

Alzheimer disease and associated disorders·2026
Same author

Effects of Ripasudil on Mouse Subconjunctival Immune Cell Motility Activated by Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

<i>Post Hoc</i> Analysis of a Phase 2 Randomized Trial of Pemafibrate in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Associations With Platelet Count, Liver Stiffness, and Spleen Volume.

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology·2026
Same author

Efficacy for LDL-C-lowering and safety of pemafibrate extended-release formulation in patients with statin-intolerant hypercholesterolemia: A phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.

Journal of clinical lipidology·2026
Same author

Risk of Venous Thromboembolism with Pemafibrate in Dyslipidemia: A Nationwide, Retrospective, Cohort Study Using a Japanese Claims Database.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2025
Same author

Effect of pemafibrate on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and subspecies in a patient with cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency: A case report with mechanistic insights.

Journal of clinical lipidology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

13.2K

Ripasudil-Brimonidine Fixed-Dose Combination vs Ripasudil or Brimonidine: Two Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trials.

Hidenobu Tanihara1, Tetsuya Yamamoto2, Makoto Aihara3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology (H.T.), Biei Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The fixed-dose combination of ripasudil-brimonidine (RBFC) significantly lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) more effectively than ripasudil or brimonidine alone in glaucoma patients. This combination therapy offers a superior IOP-lowering effect for managing glaucoma.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

285
Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
06:30

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

289

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

13.2K
Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

285
Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
06:30

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

289

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glaucoma and ocular hypertension require effective intraocular pressure (IOP) management.
  • Current treatments include ripasudil and brimonidine monotherapy.
  • A fixed-dose combination may offer enhanced efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the superiority of the ripasudil-brimonidine fixed-dose combination (RBFC) in lowering IOP compared to individual components.
  • To assess the efficacy of RBFC in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Two prospective, multicenter, randomized, active-controlled phase 3 trials were conducted.
  • Patients with inadequately controlled IOP on monotherapy were randomized to RBFC or monotherapy groups.
  • The primary endpoint was the change in IOP from baseline at weeks 4, 6, and 8.

Main Results:

  • RBFC demonstrated a statistically significant greater IOP reduction compared to ripasudil (-1.4 mm Hg difference, P < .001).
  • RBFC also showed a significantly greater IOP reduction compared to brimonidine (-1.8 mm Hg difference, P < .001).
  • Conjunctival hyperemia was the most frequent adverse event.

Conclusions:

  • The ripasudil-brimonidine fixed-dose combination (RBFC) is superior to ripasudil or brimonidine monotherapy in lowering intraocular pressure.
  • RBFC represents a more effective treatment option for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.