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Published on: December 26, 2020
Recent advances in the activation and regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway
Run Fang1, Qifei Jiang1, Xiaoyu Yu1
1Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
The cGAS-STING pathway is responsible for cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) -triggered innate immunity and involved in the pathology of various diseases including infection, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Understanding the activation and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway is critical to develop therapeutic strategies toward these diseases. Here, we review the signal transduction, cellular functions and regulations of cGAS and STING, particularly highlighting the latest understandings on the activation of cGAS by dsDNA and/or Manganese (Mn2+), STING trafficking, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs)-induced STING polymerization and activation, and also regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway by different biocondensates formed via phase separation of proteins from host cells and viruses.
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