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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Ethanol-Induced Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Block Applications for Promoting Canine Inferior Alveolar Nerve Regeneration Using an Artificial Nerve
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Regional Anesthesia for Orthobiologic Procedures.

Michael Khadavi1, Danielle Rehor2, Alex Roney3

  • 1Kansas City Orthopedic Alliance, 4504 West 139th Street, Leawood, KS 66224, USA.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) reduce pain and protect orthobiologic tissues. Meticulous technique minimizes risks like nerve damage and systemic toxicity, enhancing safety and efficacy.

Keywords:
OrthobiologicsPeripheral nerve blockPlatelet-rich plasmaRegenerative medicineRegional anesthesiaStem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Orthobiology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) offer pain relief during procedures.
  • Local anesthetics can negatively impact orthobiologic tissues.
  • Understanding PNB risks is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe PNB techniques for improved procedural safety.
  • To enhance the efficacy of peripheral nerve blocks.
  • To increase patient comfort during medical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review and description of various peripheral nerve block techniques.
  • Emphasis on meticulous injection strategies.
  • Discussion of complication avoidance for PNBs.

Main Results:

  • PNB can effectively reduce procedural pain.
  • PNB can mitigate local anesthetic toxicity to orthobiologic tissues.
  • Proper technique minimizes risks such as nerve damage and systemic toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral nerve blocks are valuable tools for pain management.
  • Careful PNB administration enhances safety and efficacy.
  • Optimized PNB techniques improve patient outcomes and comfort.