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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Response to Xu et al., "Letter to Editor 'Mohs micrographic surgery reduces the risk of reconstruction with positive margins, repeat surgeries, and time to definitive reconstruction compared to conventional excision of hand and foot melanomas: A retrospective cohort study'".

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Clinical practice guidelines for the management of basal cell carcinoma in Gorlin syndrome.

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Mohs micrographic surgery of Merkel cell carcinoma lowers local recurrence risk and has similar metastasis and survival compared with conventional excision: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

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Compliance with guidelines and timeliness of sentinel lymph node biopsy for Merkel cell carcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery versus conventional excision at a tertiary academic center.

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Free Flap Reconstruction Following Mohs Surgery: Our Approach to Complex Skin Cancer on the Scalp.

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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection

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Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Daniel J Lewis1, Joseph F Sobanko2, Jeremy R Etzkorn2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 2 Maloney, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare neuroendocrine skin cancer, presents aggressive features like rapid growth and metastasis. Early detection and treatment, including surgery, radiation, and immunotherapy, are crucial for improving patient survival rates.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsMerkel cell carcinomaMerkel cell polyomavirusMohs micrographic surgeryRadiation therapySentinel lymph node biopsyWide local excision

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer.
  • It commonly affects elderly patients with sun-damaged skin, presenting as rapidly growing papulonodules.
  • MCC is characterized by high rates of recurrence, metastasis, and poor patient survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and monitoring strategies for Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in managing metastatic MCC.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and comprehensive management for improving outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current treatment guidelines and clinical practices for Merkel cell carcinoma.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of surgical excision, radiation therapy, and systemic therapies.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and monitoring tools, including Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoprotein antibody titers.

Main Results:

  • Primary tumor treatment involves surgical excision, potentially with adjuvant radiation therapy.
  • Regional nodal disease management includes lymph node dissection and/or radiation therapy.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (avelumab, pembrolizumab) are established first-line treatments for metastatic MCC.

Conclusions:

  • Merkel cell carcinoma requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management.
  • Adjuvant therapies and immunotherapy significantly impact patient prognosis.
  • Monitoring MCPyV oncoprotein antibody titers can aid in detecting recurrence.