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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
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Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis

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Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Michael S Heath1, Anna Bar1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 Southwest Bond Avenue CH16D, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics
|November 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common cancer, is often identified early through clinical exams, dermoscopy, and advanced imaging. Treatment ranges from local destruction and surgery to systemic therapies for advanced cases.

Keywords:
Basal cell carcinomaDiagnosisManagementPreventionTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most prevalent cancer globally.
  • Early BCC detection is achievable through clinical evaluation, dermoscopy, and advanced imaging like reflectance confocal microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical identification, treatment modalities, and management strategies for basal cell carcinoma.
  • To discuss the efficacy of various therapeutic approaches for different BCC risk levels.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical assessment and diagnostic imaging (dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy).
  • Surgical interventions, including Mohs micrographic surgery.
  • Nonsurgical treatments: topical therapies, destructive methods, radiation therapy.
  • Systemic treatments for advanced or metastatic BCC, including Hedgehog pathway inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • BCC typically follows an indolent course, responding well to local treatments.
  • Mohs micrographic surgery offers the highest efficacy for high-risk BCC.
  • Low-risk BCC may be managed with less invasive, nonsurgical options.
  • Radiation therapy is an alternative for surgical non-candidates.
  • Systemic agents show variable responses in advanced and metastatic BCC.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of basal cell carcinoma relies on accurate early diagnosis and risk stratification.
  • A spectrum of treatment options exists, from local therapies to advanced systemic agents, tailored to tumor characteristics.
  • Ongoing research into systemic therapies offers improved outcomes for advanced BCC cases.