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Market exposure and human morality.

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Economic markets may promote prosocial behavior and universalist morals. This study found that societies with more market interactions exhibit greater prosociality, trust, and universalist values, suggesting markets shape morality.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Evolutionary theories suggest markets foster cooperation by promoting prosociality.
  • Market interactions may influence the development of internalized and universalist moral systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between market interactions and prosocial behavior, trust, universalist values, and moral emotions.
  • To explore the potential causal effect of market interactions on the evolution of morality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cultural folklore from 943 pre-industrial ethnolinguistic groups.
  • Utilizing geographic variation and exogenous variation (historical trade routes, ecological diversity) to infer causality.
  • Proxying market interactions by intercommunity trade and the presence of money.

Main Results:

  • A positive association was found between market interactions and the cultural salience of prosocial behavior, interpersonal trust, universalist moral values, and moral emotions (guilt, shame, anger).
  • Evidence suggests that market interactions causally influence the development of these moral traits.

Conclusions:

  • Economic markets play a role in shaping moral systems towards universalist and internalized prosociality.
  • The coevolution of markets and morality involves economic factors influencing ethical frameworks.