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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

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Neonatal Anemia.

Kendell R German1, Sandra E Juul1

  • 1Department of Neonatal Anemia, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.

Current Pediatric Reviews
|November 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal anemia, common in premature infants, stems from decreased erythropoietin and red blood cell changes. Treatment options include transfusions, erythropoietic agents, and iron for critical care.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • All neonates experience a hematocrit drop post-birth due to erythropoietin (Epo) reduction, hemoglobin transition, and hemodilution.
  • This physiological anemia is more severe in critically ill and preterm neonates, potentially causing pathologic anemia.
  • Impaired tissue oxygen delivery is a significant concern in neonatal anemia.

Approach:

  • This review examines the underlying mechanisms of physiologic anemia and anemia of prematurity.
  • It provides a concise overview of current treatment strategies for neonatal anemia.
  • Evidence for red blood cell transfusions, erythropoietic stimulating agents, and iron supplementation is discussed.

Key Points:

  • Physiologic anemia is a normal neonatal adaptation.
Keywords:
Anemiaanemia of prematurityerythropoietinironneonatetransfusions

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  • Anemia of prematurity presents a greater clinical challenge.
  • Effective management is crucial to prevent complications like impaired oxygen delivery.

    • Conclusions:

    • Understanding the mechanisms of neonatal anemia is key for timely intervention.
    • Treatment modalities aim to restore adequate oxygen-carrying capacity.
    • Further research into optimal management strategies for neonatal anemia is warranted.